Wellbeing Futures: Innovation, Policy and Research

Vol. 1 (2025)
Articles

Health Risks and Welfare Transformation in Indonesia's Free Nutritious Meal Program: A One Health Analysis

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  • I Made Dwi Mertha Adnyana,
  • Niken Irfa Nastiti,
  • Annissa Delfira,
  • Zahra Frizki Asty,
  • Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto,
  • Dewa Gede Edi Praditha,
  • M. Berri Ridhoka,
  • Kadek Darmawan,
  • Askarullah Hilmi Al Fathi
I Made Dwi Mertha Adnyana
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi, Jambi-36361, Indonesia
Bio
Niken Irfa Nastiti
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi, Jambi-36361, Indonesia
Annissa Delfira
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi, Jambi-36361, Indonesia
Zahra Frizki Asty
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi
Bio
Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hang Tuah, Surabaya, Indonesia
Dewa Gede Edi Praditha
Department of Laws, Faculty of Law, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Denpasar, 80233, Indonesia
M. Berri Ridhoka
Undergraduate Program of Medical, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi, Jambi-36361, Indonesia
Kadek Darmawan
Master’s Program in Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
Askarullah Hilmi Al Fathi
Undergraduate Program of Medical, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi, Jambi-36361, Indonesia

Published 2025-12-09

Keywords

  • Food safety,
  • Foodborne diseases,
  • One health,
  • Free nutritious meals,
  • Indonesia, Intersectoral collaboration,
  • Nutritional wellbeing,
  • Community health wellbeing
    • ...More
    Less

Copyright (c) 2025 I Made Dwi Mertha Adnyana, Niken Irfa Nastiti, Annissa Delfira, Zahra Frizki Asty, Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto, Dewa Gede Edi Praditha, M. Berri Ridhoka, Kadek Darmawan, Askarullah Hilmi Al Fathi (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Health Risks and Welfare Transformation in Indonesia’s Free Nutritious Meal Program: A One Health Analysis. (2025). Wellbeing Futures: Innovation, Policy and Research, 1, 83-102. https://doi.org/10.65638/2978-882X.2025.01.07

Abstract

Indonesia's Free Nutritious Meals Program (Makan Bergizi Gratis/MBG) targets 82.9 million beneficiaries at a cost of Rp 420 trillion to address stunting, which currently affects 21.6% of children. This study analyzes hidden health threats through a One Health lens, identifies surveillance system gaps, and formulates evidence-based recommendations. An integrative review compiled data from the National Monitoring System, poisoning incident reports, laboratory results, and institutional audits using a One Health framework integrating human, animal, and environmental health dimensions. The analysis revealed 340 food poisoning incidents affecting 11,390 students in 28 provinces (January–November 2025), with Bacillus cereus (34%), Staphylococcus aureus (28%), and Salmonella spp. (18%) as primary pathogens. In 42% of the locations, 42% of the audits failed technical specifications, 63% exposed food to dangerous temperatures, and 52% lacked adequate storage. Fragmented authority creates supervision gaps, whereas inadequate surveillance increases foodborne disease vulnerability. The program faces systemic food safety challenges that threaten health benefits. Urgent transformation requires technology-based integrated surveillance, strict standardization for vulnerable populations, increased supervisor ratios, cold chain infrastructure investment, and One Health coordination committee establishment for multisectoral collaboration, ensuring program sustainability without creating new health burdens.

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